Mekonnen, M.T.; Huang, D.; De Vos, K. (2016). Governance models for future grids, in: Van Hertem, D. et al.HVDC grids: for offshore and supergrid of the future. pp. 193-212. https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119115243.ch9
In: Van Hertem, D.; Gomis-Bellmunt, O.; Liang, J. (Ed.) (2016). HVDC grids: for offshore and supergrid of the future. Wiley-IEEE Press: Hoboken. ISBN 978-1-118-85915-5. 528 pp. https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119115243, more
This chapter introduces the main regulatory principles and challenges in view of the integration of high-voltage direct current (HVDC) technologies in five sections, representing planning, financing, ownership, pricing, and operation of transmission systems, respectively. There are three main models to organize the relation between the ownership and operation of transmission assets, namely independent system operator/transmission network owner (ISO/TO), transmission system operator (TSO), and independent transmission operator (ITO). Financing transmission network investments is based on two main pillars. The first concerns financing sources, which provide the financial means with a combination of debt and equity, and the second pillar concerns the cost of capital. Transmission cost allocation must obey some basic principles or guidelines that result from the combination of micro-economic theory and power systems engineering. The components of the governance model that affect the operation of a transmission system are important when trying to achieve acceptable reliability and efficiency standards.
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