The application of isoelectric focusing (IEF) in molluscan systematics is reviewed and illustrated using literature data and unpublished analyses. IEF can be used as any other electrophoretic method, but is most appropriate for: (1) generating complex species-specific banding profiles, (2) assessing overall genetic similarities, (3) supplementing conventional electrophoretic techniques by resolving hidden protein variation and (4) investigating minute organisms.Author Keywords:
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