The 1958 Lituya Bay tsunami - pre-event bathymetry reconstruction and 3D numerical modelling utilising the computational fluid dynamics software Flow-3D
Franco, A.; Moernaut, J.; Schneider-Muntau, B.; Strasser, M.; Gems, B. (2020). The 1958 Lituya Bay tsunami - pre-event bathymetry reconstruction and 3D numerical modelling utilising the computational fluid dynamics software Flow-3D. Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci. 20(8): 2255-2279. https://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-2255-2020
In: Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences. Copernicus Publications: Göttingen. ISSN 1561-8633; e-ISSN 1684-9981, meer
This study aims to test the capacity of Flow-3D regarding the simulation of a rockslide-generated impulse wave by evaluating the influences of the extent of the computational domain, the grid resolution, and the corresponding computation times on the accuracy of modelling results. A detailed analysis of the Lituya Bay tsunami event (1958, Alaska, maximum recorded run-up of 524 m a.s.l.) is presented. A focus is put on the tsunami formation and run-up in the impact area. Several simulations with a simplified bay geometry are performed in order to test the concept of a “denser fluid”, compared to the seawater in the bay, for the impacting rockslide material. Further, topographic and bathymetric surfaces of the impact area are set up. The observed maximum run-up can be reproduced using a uniform grid resolution of 5 m, where the wave overtops the hill crest facing the slide source and then flows diagonally down the slope. The model is extended along the entire bay to simulate the wave propagation. The tsunami trimline is well recreated when using (a) a uniform mesh size of 20 m or (b) a non-uniform mesh size of 15 m × 15 m × 10 m with a relative roughness of 2 m for the topographic surface. The trimline mainly results from the primary wave, and in some locations it also results from reflected waves. The denser fluid is a suitable and simple concept to recreate a sliding mass impacting a waterbody, in this case with maximum impact speed of ∼93 m s−1. The tsunami event and the related trimline are well reproduced using the 3D modelling approach with the density evaluation model available in Flow-3D.
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