The hyper-hypoosmotic (isosmotic at 23 ppt) shrimp C. vulgaris was found to maintain Ca2+ and K+ more concentrated than the medium in 5-25 ppt, Na+ and Cl- more concentrated in the range 5-30 (23) ppt and less concentrated in higher salinities. Mg2+) was held at a very low level throughout the salinity range. The importance of various mechanisms (low permeability, active ion transport and hypo-osmotic urine) in assisting this efficient ion regulation is discussed.
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