The proper pre-drilling preparation, on-site acquisition and post-drilling preservation of high-qualitysubsurface samples are crucial to ensure significant progress in the scientifically and societally important areasof subsurface biosphere and paleoclimate research. Two of the four research themes of IODP and ICDPand one of the four research areas of the Deep Carbon Observatory (DCO) focus on the subsurface biosphere.Increasing understanding of paleoclimate is a central goal of IODP and incorporated within the scope of theIMPRESS program, the successor of the IMAGES program. Therefore, the goal of our IODP–ICDP–DCO–JDESC–MagellanPlus-sponsored workshop was to help advance deep biosphere and paleoclimate research byidentifying needed improvements in scientific drilling planning and available technology, sample collection andinitial analysis, and long-term storage of subsurface samples and data. Success in these areas will (a) avoidbiological and other contamination during drilling, sampling, storage and shipboard/shore-based experiments;(b) build a repository and database of high-quality subsurface samples for microbiological and paleoclimate researchavailable for the scientific community world-wide over the next decades; and (c) standardize, as much aspossible, microbiological and paleoclimate drilling, sampling and storage workflows to allow results and datato be comparable across both space and time. A result of this workshop is the development and suggested implementationof new advanced methods and technologies to collect high-quality samples and data for the deepbiosphere and paleoclimate scientific communities to optimize expected substantial progress in these fields. Themembers of this workshop will enhance communication within the scientific drilling community by crafting ahandbook focused on pre-drilling, drilling and post-drilling operations.
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