Consolidating southeast Asia and the meaning of force in history: Pax Ming and the case of Chen Zuyi (sic)
Schottenhammer, A. (2021). Consolidating southeast Asia and the meaning of force in history: Pax Ming and the case of Chen Zuyi (sic). China and Asia: A Journal in Historical Studies 3(1): 130-168. https://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2589465X-030105
In: China and Asia: A Journal in Historical Studies. Brill. ISSN 2589-4641; e-ISSN 2589-465X, meer
Zheng He expeditions; Chen Zuyi; pax Ming; maritime history; force in history; historiography; Chinese ideology; piracy; illegal trade; Chinese historiography
Many Chinese historians and politicians consider the Zheng He expeditions as voyages meant to establish peaceful relations with foreign countries. Although, in contrast with European overseas expansion, it was not in the interest of the Chinese emperor and his government to colonialize foreign countries, this does not mean that relations were peaceful. Subordination of neighbouring countries to the Ming court and their acceptance of Ming China's claim to cultural, ideological and political superiority in the macro region-the implementation of a "pax Ming" in other words-was fully intended. The present article discusses Zheng He's and the Ming court's dealing with Chen Zuyi (sic), an "inconvenient" local ("pirate") leader of Chinese origins dominating parts of the Malacca/Melaka Straits, the use of violence in the implementation of official Ming goals and the ideological transfiguration and (re) interpretation of the Ming court's own interests in Chinese historical sources.
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