Investigation of polyurethane-shelled microcapsules for self-sealing concrete applications exposed to aggressive environments
Giaretton Cappellesso, V.G.; Riordan, C.; Palmer, D.; Al-Tabbaa, A.; Gruyaert, E.; Van Tittelboom, K.; De Belie, N. (2026). Investigation of polyurethane-shelled microcapsules for self-sealing concrete applications exposed to aggressive environments. Developments in the Built Environment 26: 100929. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dibe.2026.100929
In: Developments in the Built Environment. Elsevier: UK. ISSN 2666-1659; e-ISSN 2666-1659, meer
This study evaluates polyurethane-shelled microcapsules containing a commercial water-repellent agent as an autonomous self-sealing system for concrete in aggressive environments. Microcapsules were synthesized via membrane emulsification and interfacial polymerization, yielding a D50 of 77 mu m and sufficient integrity for concrete incorporation. An optimization study identified 2 by weight of cement (bwoc) % as the optimal dosage, balancing hydrophobic performance and mechanical properties. Cracked (100 and 300 mu m) and uncracked specimens were exposed to freeze-thaw cycles with de-icing salts, artificial seawater, and a chloride-rich solution. Capsule rupture upon cracking hydrophobized the crack walls, resulting in sealing efficiencies of up to 96% for 300 mu m cracks. Freeze-thaw exposure reduced scaling by up to 74%, while marine exposure lowered chloride ingress through cracks by up to 37%. Limited effects were observed under chloride-only conditions, highlighting exposure-specific performance. Overall, polyurethane microcapsules act as an effective self-sealing system, enhancing concrete durability in an environment-dependent manner.
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